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Situations Analysis - Supporting Reports
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 A situation analysis of biomass resources and conversion technologies New Zealand has a range of bioenergy options that could provide a meaningful contribution to the nation's energy future. The role of this Situation Analysis is to identify options for realising this potential and to determine the most appropriate areas of research for New Zealand to pursue. Download full report [5.95 MB]
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In this study we assess potential bioenergy feedstocks from agricultural crops, agricultural residues, animal manures, and horticultural residues. Agricultural crops included grains, oil crops, beets and perennial grasses. New Zealand currently has about 109 900 ha of grain crops planted, used for human and animal food. While not all feedstocks will be suited to all types of energy production, our assessment showed another 915 950 ha of land (currently in sheep and beef production) that could physically and economically be switched to growing grain for ethanol production. Download Full Report [3.8Mb]
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Scion (Scion, 15th May 2007) contracted NIWA to make an assessment of the algae biomass resources in New Zealand for potential bio-energy production as part of the Bio-Energy Options Project (PROJ-12011-ORI-FRI0). Interest in use of algae biomass for bioenergy production stems from the fact that algae are far more productive than conventional agricultural crops and can be grown cost-effectively in open pond systems as a by-product of wastewater treatment, assimilating wastewater nutrients rather than requiring high cost fertilizers. Download Full Report [3.8Mb]
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Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a mature technology with a wide range of different applications, system designs, reactor technologies and biofuel end use options which are practiced globally since many years, especially in Europe, Asia and The Americas. The International Energy Agency (IEA) has recognised the importance of this technology for the supply of biofuel for production of power and transport fuel and has produced excellent general information material about the technology characteristics and its applications (25). Research and development over the past 30 years have produced substantial progress in the understanding of the technology on the engineering, biotechnological and now even the molecular level. The International Water Association (IWA) holds regular global conference events on these technology topics. The reader is referred to the proceedings of recent conferences for an update on the latest developments in this technology (26, 27, 31). Download Full Report [4.2Mb]
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This report contributes to the situation analysis phase of the Bioenergy Opportunities for New Zealand study. The information presented here is derived from the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (MAF) 2005 National Exotic Forest Description, revised 2006 MAF forestry yield tables and residue production factors derived from studies of forest harvesting operations in New Zealand. Download Full Report [629Kb]
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This report contributes to the situation analysis phase of the Scion Bioenergy Options project. Download Full Report [1.1Mb]
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This report describes the volume, location, production/accumulation and type of woody residues taken to municipal landfills in 2006 and gives projections to year 2030. The effects of the New Zealand waste strategy are also considered. If the strategy is fully implemented, wood waste to landfill is expected to drop by 72%. However, it is likely that there will be some regions that do not manage to fully implement the strategy. Download Full Report [6.8Mb]
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Fast-growing tree species such as eucalypts, acacia, poplar and willow have potential as purpose-grown bioenergy crops for New Zealand. These short-rotation forestry (SRF) crops can offer more favourable energy balance than agricultural crops, and offer a greater range of high-value product streams in addition to ethanol as well as contributing to environmental services such as water quality and waste water treatment. Download Full Report [2.4Mb]
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The wood processing industry encompasses a wide range of activities in terms of the types of products being produced and the scale of the operations. It is widely spread across New Zealand from Kaitaia to Invercargill, with a large concentration in the Central North Island (CNI). Download Full report [2.3Mb]
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This report reviews information on the utilisation of bioenergy using conventional combustion options. Download Full Report [298Kb]
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This work is a component of a larger FRST BioEnergy project lead by Scion. Biomass gasification involves the incomplete combustion of a hydrocarbon-based fuel when combusted with a restricted supply of air, oxygen, or other oxidising source. The products of gasification are a mixture of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen and various hydrocarbons, which can then be used directly in gas turbines, and boilers, or used as the building blocks for synthesising a wide range of other chemicals. Download Full Report [2.98Kb]
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Rudolf Diesel ran his original diesel engine on peanut oil. This was found to be unsatisfactory, so petrochemicals have been the primary source of diesel fuels. Biodiesel dates back to a 1937 patent (Chavanne 1937) which described transesterification of vegetable oils with alcohol and a catalyst:
Triglyceride + alcohol fatty acid esters + glycerol
Download Full Report [245Kb]
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Petroleum represents a major segment of the World’s energy supply because it is the source of liquid transport fuels required for automobiles, ships and aeroplanes. The search for renewable alternatives is important from the perspectives of ensuring energy security and mitigating climate change. Download Full Report [1.1Mb]
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Bioenergy can supply energy in many different forms, according to the demand for heat, electricity, and transportation fuel. Some agricultural crops like sugar cane and corn, used intensively in Brazil and US, are converted into biofuels. These are called “first generation” biofuel technologies. Download Full Report [263Kb]
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